First, we developed an innovative stimulated horse riding machine that imitates the passive movements of bending forward and straightening up during horse riding. ![]() This form of exercise may increase daily physical activity and may thereby help people get accustomed to conducting exercise because it can be done at any time, for any length, regardless of the weather, and without going to a gym. We define "passive weight-bearing exercise" in this study as that which trainees will conduct by motorized movements, but muscles are expected to be contract. Recently, various types of passive exercise equipment have been invented for health promotion and were created to provide incentive to exercise. Most patients with dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, or hypertension in need of exercise have symptoms such as gonalgia and lumbago that may discourage them from exercising, so they are prevented from practicing effective exercise. Therefore, for health promotion, people should be encouraged to increase daily physical activity levels including frequency, intensity, duration, and exercise type, irrespective of training plans. Under the conditions of the same amount of calories being expended daily, repetitive types of moderate exercise such as brisk walking, housework, and yard work are reportedly as effective as performing high intensity exercise. Some randomized-control trials showed that lifestyle modification has almost the same effects on aerobic capacity, body composition, and coronary risk factors as planned exercise programs for people who do not conduct daily exercise. Exercise can be more effective if the exercise intensity is appropriately determined by exercise testing. Cycling and walking are conducted as popular forms of exercise for health promotion. ![]() It is widely recognized that appropriate exercise is effective for health promotion and prevents lifestyle-related diseases. Namely, given the same oxygen uptake, PWLLE exceeded bicycle or walking exercise in muscle activity, thus PWLLE is believed to strengthen muscle power while reducing the load imposed on the cardiopulmonary system. Passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise using our trial machine could provide approximately 3 MET of exercise and the thigh exhibited muscle activity equivalent to that of 80-watt bicycle or 6 km/hr walking exercise. As was the case with the EMG results, during maximal intensity PWLLE, the rectus femoris muscle consumed oxygen in amounts identical to that of an 80-watt bicycle or a 6 km/hr walking exercise. ![]() Maximal intensity PWLLE was found to provoke muscle activity comparable to an 80-watt bicycle or 6 km/hr walking exercise. The heart rate and oxygen uptake observed in PWLLE during maximal intensity were comparable to that of a 20-watt bicycle exercise or 2 km/hr walking exercise. This rate of decline was obtained immediately after exercise as well as at rest to calculate oxygen consumption of the lower limb muscles as expressed as a ratio of a post-exercise rate of decline to a resting one. ![]() At rest prior to exercise and immediately after the end of each exercise intensity, the oxygenated hemoglobin levels of the lower limb muscles were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy to calculate the rate of decline. Oxygen uptake, blood pressure, heart rate, and electromyogram (EMG) were measured or recorded during exercise. They performed 4 types of exercise: Passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise (PWLLE), Simulated horse riding exercise (SHRE), Bicycle exercise, and Walking exercise, as described below at an interval of one week or longer. Subjects were 14 healthy men with the following demographics: age 30 years, height 171.5 cm, weight 68.3 kg. We also attempted to measure muscle activity to study how these forms of exercise affected individual parts of the body. The purpose of the present study was to compare the passive exercise intensity of our newly-developed machine with the intensities of different types of exercises. The EQUICISE horse riding simulator is based in a luxury studio at the award winning BHS and ABRS Approved, WImbledon Village Stables in South West London.We have developed an exercise machine prototype for increasing exercise intensity by means of passively exercising lower limb muscles.
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